'Summary: The Geography of the islands of Oceania'

'\n\nIn the central and westbound naval divisions of the peaceable is the largest cluster of is push downs in the world with a total field of force of ​​about 1.26 trillion km2. Most of the islands atomic number 18 grouped into archipelagos, which be grouped to a sm each(prenominal)er place the name seaia.\n geological structure of the islands of Oceania is in direct contact with the structure of the peaceful Ocean. Al approximately on the whole the islands of coral or volcanic origin. In the central part of Oceania, they represent the height of underwater volcanoes organize in the previous(a) Neogene and Quaternary.\nCoral islands form during the Quaternary collectible to eustatic fluctuations in the direct of the Pacific Ocean and its bottom buckle plots. Islands centered on the western outskirts of Oceania live in beas geosynclinal structures. From the outside, these islands are framed by deep valleys, clearly expressed in the topography of the oc ean floor.\nIn the peripheral Pacific geosynclines actively manifested Mesozoic and Alpine orogenic movement, which did non end and now. This is certify by familiar earthquakes and volcanic exertion on the islands. westward Pacific islands - the largest and approximately mountainous. The share of Islands, brand-new Zealand and Papua New ginzo accounts for 80% of the land of Oceania.\nIslands scattered in the subtropical latitudes of the Federal hemisphere to the southerly temperate, but most of them are voiceless in sub-equatorial zones. It defines the important features of temperature variation and wet regime. For most of the islands are characterized by grim daily and seasonal amplitude of gamey temperatures constantly risque relative humidity and full(prenominal) rainwater due to the handedness of marine glory masses.\n fairish temperature of the warmest month (August in the compass northerly hemisphere in February - in the south) change from 25 north to 16 C in the south, the coldest (February and August) - from 16 to 5 C. sudden temperature fluctuations are item to the mountainous islands, which manifests altitudinal climatic zones.\nAverage annual rain vary depending on the orography. Moist winds sway over the low free islands and up the windward slopes of the high mountainous islands, receiving broad rainfall (up to 9000 mm). On the windward slopes give rise moist cone-bearing forests, developing a dense network of large rivers stream active eating away and chemical weathering of rocks. On the leeward slopes reign by miscellaneous (deciduous and evergreen) forests, woodlands and ocean kserofitovye savannah with hard grains, groves of coco palms.\nLow Island, where precipitation falls primarily tropical fronts cover ocean savannas, forests of coco palms and pandanus, mangroves.\nAlmost all included in Oceania Maleziyskuyu floristic subregion Paleotropikov, poor in species composition and super endemic. Among the ma ny plants Oceania effectual to man: coconut and sago palms, bananas, mangoes, breadfruit, etc. hither they grow pineapples, bananas, peag cane and some other tropical crops.\nThe wolf is very specific, characterized by increasingly impoverished, around complete absence seizure of mammals. Most of the stands in Oceania Polynesian zoogeographic region. On the islands of many birds, piffling animals (lizards, foxes, bats), and insects.\nRegional embellish highlight differences vacate Oceania four physiographic region: Melanesia, Micronesia, New Zealand and Polynesia. '