Analysis of the Twelfth Planet

The Myth of a 12th Planet A Brief Analysis of Cylinder legal tender VA 243 Michael S. Heiser Ph. D. dropdidate, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Semitic Languages University of Wisconsin-Madison Introduction Readers of Zecharia Sitchins books, particularly The 12th Planet, testament recognize the in a higher place postage of approval, VA 243 (so named because it is number 243 in the collection of the Vorderasiatische Museum in Berlin). This seal is the centerpiece of Sitchins theory that the Sumerians had ad trainced astronomical knowledge of the planetary bodies in our solar constitution.This knowledge was allegedly given to the Sumerians by extraterrestrials, whom Sitchin identifies as the Anunnaki gods of Sumero-Mesopotamian mythology. In the upper left- distri scarcelye corner of the seal, Sitchin argues, mavin sees the solarize surrounded by xi globes. Since ancient peoples (including the Sumerians according to Sitchin) held the solarize and moon to be planets, these el regu lar globes plus the sun add up to twelve planets. Of course, since we now know of nine planets plus our sun and moon, part of Sitchins argument is that the Sumerians knew of an extra planet beyond Pluto.This extra planet is considered by Sitchin to be Nibiru, an astronomical body menti unityd in Mesopotamian texts. Sitchins works detail his contention that Nibiru passes through our solar system e very 3600 years, and so some believers in Sitchins theory contend that Nibiru will return soon. Some followers of Sitchins sentiments also refer to Nibiru as Planet X. Is Sitchin define in whole or in part? Is Nibiru a 12th planet that will soon return? Does VA243 effort up his thesis? Unfortunately for Sitchin and his followers, the answer to each of these questions is no. This paper will focus on the heart of his theory, VA243.Nibiru is the subject of an early(a) paper on my website. regularity and Approach The study of cylinder seals is truly a very specialized sub-discipline dee p down Sumerology and Assyriology. a It is possible to determine, through the efforts of cylinder seal specialists of the recent recent and current experts, to decisively say that Sitchins interpretation of this seal is deeply flawed and lacks scholarly merit. In short, his theory is false and is unsupported by the seal itself. In the discussion that follows, I will demonstrate that VA243 in no way supports Sitchins ideas.My reasons / lines of argument for this are 1) The inscription on the seal (left hand and right hand sides which are non discussed by Sitchin) says nothing nearly planets or any element of astronomy. Rather than purport an independent translation, I will defer to authorities on Sumerian seal inscriptions in this regard to avoid any charge of bias. 2) The alleged sun figure on the seal is not the sun. We know this because it does not conform to the lucid depiction of the sun in hundreds of other cylinder seals and exercisings of Sumero-Mesopotamian artwor k.I will describe the typical depiction (determined with proof because it appears with texts about the sun god Shamash Akkadian, known as Utu in Sumerian) and provide image examples. Sources are provided for readers to check for themselves. The sun signism is actually a super champion (which in Mesopotamian art could cod six or, much super acidly, octette points). Lest the modern reader retort that well, the sun is a hero, I offer several images where the principal sum symbolism and the sun symbol (which again, is not that in VA243) are side-by-side and distinct from one another.The Sumerians and Mesopotamians distinguished the sun from confidential informations by using different symbols and associating each symbol with the sun god and other gods, respectively. There is simply no ancient Sumero-Akkadian evidence to support Sitchins identification. 3) If the sun is not the sun, then what are the dots? The dots are also stars, as is best illustrated by the Sumerian-Meso potamian depiction of the Pleaides (seven dots together with reasonable astronomical accuracy since they are visible to the naked eye). b The Pleaides are actually one of the most frequently depicted astronomical features in SumeroMesopotamian art.As Sitchin points out (and this is corroborated by actual scholars in the field its common knowledge), stars were associated with or considered to be heavenly beings gods. In Sumero-Mesopotamian artwork, a star represents either a god or an astronomical body. The very(prenominal) displace be said of the sun it can either recognition the literal sun or the sun god. There are three possibilities as to what VA243 is depicting (A) It is singling out a deity or special star and associating it with other stars in some sort of zodiacal representation. I dont consider this likely because there are other far clearer representations of zodiacal constellations.Unless there are clear zodiacal connotations, a star was symbolic of a deity, which b rings us to the second option. (B) More probable is the idea that the central star stands for a deity that has some association with fertility (as in crops) since the inscription describes an offering made by a worshipper (who is named) to a seated god who is associated in the seal with fertile harvest. Since there are two other figures in the seal in addition to the seated god, and one is the offerer, the remaining figure is likely a deity also associated with the offering. In favor of this possibility are the implements aAn excellent general introduction is Dominique Collon, Cylinder Seals. I am not saying the star is depicted amid the Pleiades, only that the artistic depiction of the Pleiades provides an excellent example of dots = stars. The Pleiadean depiction is endlessly seven dots/stars. b shown on the seal with respect to these two figures facing the seated god and the figures channelizedress. Also in its favor is the fact that there are literally hundreds of such offerin g seals, and many withstand a star in upper proximity to the figures heads, signifying the figure is a deity (see the example). C) Since the star is surrounded by eleven other stars (dots), the artistic depiction could stand for the lead god of the Mesopotamian divine council and its other eleven (upper tier) members. Recall that (as Sitchin again points out) the Mesopotamian council had 12 members. I have stockd before that the 12 member council isnt always consistent in Mesopotamian religion (at times eighter gods are considered the council), but 12 is the more prevalent number. This thesis is attractive, but I cant say there is much to commend it over option B.The reader might be thinking at this point, Well, isnt the sun god the leader of the pantheon so if this symbology points to the divine council the center symbol could still be the sun? This would be an ill-judged line of thought since in SumeroMesopotamian religion the sun god is NOT the high god the high god is Anu (later, Marduk), not Shamash. These options are admittedly subjective, but one thing is certain the sun symbol does not conform to the abundantly frequent symbol for the sun in SumeroMesopotamian art. We are not dealing with a depiction of the solar system.Astronomer Tom van Flandern pointed this out years ago anyway, since the sizes of the planets around the alleged sun do not conform to the correct sizes of the planets and there distances from the pseudo-sun are not depicted in such a way as to depict elliptical (or at least varying) orbits. The link to van Flanderns critique is on my website. 4) There is not a wiz text in the entire corpus of Sumerian or Mesopotamian tablets in the creation that tells us the Sumerians (or later inhabitants of Mesopotamia) knew there were more than five planets.This is quite a claim, but is demonstrable through the work of scholars who specialize in cuneiform astronomy. downstairs I list all the major works on cuneiform astronomy (catalogues of texts, discourses / books) and invite readers to check them out of a library and look for themselves. literally every cuneiform text that has any astronomical comment (even with respect to astrology and omens) has been translated, catalogued, indexed, and discussed in the available academic literature.The tablets are often quite detailed, even discussing mathematical calculations of the appearance of planetary bodies in the sky, on the horizon, and in relation to other stars. The field is by no means new, and is considerably developed. All of the above facets of the discussion are now offered in more detail with bibliography. I. The Inscriptions on VA 243 VA243 has three lines of text (line 1 is actually repeated on both(prenominal) sides of the seal)The seal is transliterated (the Sumero-Akkadian signs in English letters) and translated in the principal publication of the Berlin Vorderasiatische Museums publication of its seal collection, Vorderasiatische Rollsiegel (West Asia n Cylinder Seals 1940) by Mesopotamian scholar Anton Moortgat on page 101. This book is in German, so I offer the German and an English translation Line 1 = dub-si-ga Dubsiga a personal name of an apparently tendinous personc Line 2 = ili-il-la-at Ili-illat another personal name, this time of the seals owner dein Knecht German for your servantd Line 3 = ir3-suSo the full (rather boring) inscription of VA243 reads Dubsiga, Ili-illat, your/his servant. Nothing in the inscription suggests anything remotely to do with astronomy or planets. In an email correspondence with Dr. Rudi Mayr, whose dissertation was on cylinder seals, Dr. Mayr commented on the inscriptions and the seal and I interject a a few(prenominal) comments in blue The seated figure is a god the flounced garment is normal for deities (though kings start wearing them a little later) deities also have the distinctive headdress. nigh scholars call it a horned headdress, but Ive always thought it looked more like flames t han horns.Ancient texts often refer to deities having a bright, shining, brilliant aspect this is real across the ancient near east witness the shining one terminology I discuss in The Facade and in several cover on my website they dont mention horns . . . The introducing figure also has the horns of divinity this is a strong contextual argument that the symbol again, its not the sun to the upper left of the introducing figure is a star. Precisely because they SHINE, stars were associated with deities. Shamash, the sun god, had his own symbol of the sun.See below for what it looked like. c Personal email communication on Dubsiga with Dr. Rudi Mayr, whose dissertation was on cylinder seals. Dr. Mayr is also the source of the comment on the second line, which conforms to typical cylinder seal patterns. d Dr. Mayr noted to me in an email that the three line might also read his servant, which was his preference. II. The Sun Symbol This is perhaps the biggest problem with Sitchins interpretation of VA243 signifying the solar system. Simply put, if the central symbol in his solar system isnt the sun, the interpretation collapses completely.Theres actually a good deal of evidence to demonstrate decisively that Sitchin is wrong here. Toward offering that evidence, well first introduce a few general comments on Sumero-Akkadian symbols and move to the specifics. A. General Comments Like all ancient religions, Sumero-Mesopotamian religion had a great care with heavenly bodies that could be observed with the naked eye. In particular, the sun, moon, and Venus were important focus points because of their ease of visibility, and each was artistically symbolized and stood for a deity.In Sumer-Mesopotamian religion, the sun god symbology was very clear Sun god = Shamash (Utu in the Sumerian languagee) The symbol of the sun god in Sumero-Mesopotamian religion was a central circle with four all-embracing arms with wavelike lines in between each arm (most common), or a ci rcle with only wavy lines. The entire symbol was itself nearly always I dont know any exceptions, but there may be one comely being cautious here inside a circle, as belowf The reader should note immediately that this is NOT the symbol on VA243.VA 243s pseudo-sun lacks the wavy lines and is not set inside a circle. This sun symbol is ubiquitous in Sumero-Mesopotamian sacred artwork. The other common symbol for the sun god was the god in flight upon a set of go (a depiction akin to the winged disc in Egyptian religion). e See Jeremy Black, Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia An Illustrated Dictionary (University of Texas Press, in conjunction with the British Museum, 1992) 168. This is an excellent reference source. Dr. Black is a well known Sumerian scholar.He was formerly the Director of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq and is now university lecturer in Akkadian and Sumerian at Wolfson College, Oxford. f See above source, p. 168. The above classic solar di sk iconography in Sumero-Mesopotamian religion is contrasted with the star symbol, used to symbolize either stars in constellations, any deity (the star is either over the deitys head or above it to the left of right), or Ishtar (Sumerian Inana), who stood for Venus, the most visible goal in the sky aside from the sun and moong credit line that this example has eight points.This is the most frequently attested style in Sumero-Mesopotamian religious art. The star also is found with six (like VA 243) or seven points, and the points even vary within the same seal or stela carving. It wasnt consistent in points, but what the symbol stood for was consistent either a star, planet, or deity but NOT the sun. The star symbol is either set within a circle or, far more often, not within a circle. It is clearly distinct from the sun symbol. How do I know that the symbol of VA 243 is a star and not the sun disk?Other than the obvious noted above that VA 243 does not have the wavy lines betw een the arms of the symbol and is not set within a circle Sumero-Mesopotamian religion often grouped the symbols for the sun god with that of the moon god (Akkadian = Sin Sumerian = Nanna) and Ishtar (Sumerian = Inana). This isnt impress since they were so readily viewed. In short, they didnt confuse the symbols and neither should we. This grouped threesome is very prevalent in Sumero-Mesopotamian art, and compels the observation that the sun symbol and star symbol were distinguished from each otherSource Ursula Seidl, reveal Babylonischen Kudurru Reliefs, Tafel 11, Zweite Gruppe, stela a = The Babylonian Kudurru Reliefs, Plate 11, 2nd Group, stela a. pit the wavy lines and encircle sun symbol on the right. Ursula Seidl, Die Babylonischen Kudurru Reliefs, Tafel 19, Vierte Gruppe, stela b = The Babylonian Kudurru Reliefs, Plate 19, 4th Group, relief b. line of business the wavy lines and encircled sun symbol on the lower right. g See Black, 143. The symbols for sun and star/pla net are also distinguished clearly in zodiacal artwork from MesopotamiaThe sun symbol (Left) and star symbol (Right) are next to each other under the snake (Draco). Note the wavy lines of the sun symbol Source Ursula Seidl, Die Babylonischen Kudurru Reliefs, p. 47 = The Babylonian Kudurru Reliefs, p. 47 Here is a good-up of the sun (L) and star (R) symbol above. Note that the star in this case has eight points A second zodiac example The sun symbol (center) and star symbol (R of center) are next to each other under the snakes tail. Note the wavy lines of the sun symbol Source Ursula Seidl, Die Babylonischen Kudurru Reliefs, p. 0 = The Babylonian Kudurru Reliefs, p. 60 In the above example, note that (1) the star has seven points, and (b) the stars below it have six points. Note also that these smaller stars also LACK points they are just dots. This seven dot/circle arrangement is one of the most common motifs in Mesopotamian art, and denote the Pleiades. The point here is that dot s = stars in Mesopotamian art when in an astronomical context (or a context where a deity is identified with a star). This is important for our consideration of VA 243. Again, here is a close-up A third zodiac exampleNote that the star symbol here has six points as does the VA 243 star. Source Ursula Seidl, Die Babylonischen Kudurru Reliefs, p. 23 = The Babylonian Kudurru Reliefs, p. 23 Some commentary on this last example is in order. The previous two examples clearly are in zodiac context, as is this one. Those previous two examples clearly have the sun symbol drawn in a manner consistent with expected Sumero-Mesopotamian features (wavy lines, encircled) that unmistakably distinguishes the sun from the star symbol. The star symbol signifies the same astronomical body in each case, except the number of points varies.This means that the number of points is unimportant for identifying the star symbol as a STAR or planet, NOT the sun. Hence one cannot say, well the star symbol usuall y has eight points, and the Sitchin seal has six, therefore its not a star but the sun. This is erroneous because these examples demonstrate clearly that a star symbol can have 6, 7, or 8 pts. , and LACKS wavy lines. The symbol on Sitchins VA 243 is NOT the sun. It is a star, and thus denotes a star, a god, or a single planet. This isnt my opinion, its the Sumero-Mesopotamian art convention.Lets move on to some cylinder seal examples of star symbols. As noted above, the star was designed to signify a deity or literal star or planet. Heres an example of a cylinder seal with Ishtar signaled as the deity by a star Source Henri Frankfort, Cylinder Seals A Documentary Essay on the Art and Religion of the Ancient Near East (London MacMillan and Co. , 1939) Plate XXVI-seal L In this example, the obvious star symbol has eight points, and is very similar in design to the star symbol of VA 243. We know its a star and not the sun because the goddess depicted is Ishtar. Another star symbol of very similar design to VA 243 is shown belowi The upper left-hand side of this seal contains the winged sun disk above the head of what scholars refer to as a scorpion man (note his tail). Just to the right of the winged disk is our star symbol. This time the star has seven points, and is quite similar to VA 243. Note as well h See the discussion in Frankfort (pp. 177-178, 236, 254) and Black, p. 168. See also the magisterial survey E. Douglas van Buren, Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian Art, Analecta Orientalia 23 (Pontificum Institutum Biblicum, 1945) 8485. Frankfort, Plate XXXIII seal b. the far upper right corner the seven stars grouped together are the Pleiades (to which we will return in our discussion). on a lower floor are several examples of seals with six pointed stars (Frankfort, Plate XXXIII seal d) Comments Note the six-pointed stars in the upper left and upper right corners. In both cases, note the presence of accompanying dots in groups of seven again, the Pleia des (the extra dot over the head of the smaller standing figure denotes a deity as it is a star).The seven dots = the seven stars of the Pleiades (the dots were interchangeable with pointed stars to denote stars). As E. Douglas van Buren, an expert on Sumerian and Mesopotamian art comments In the earliest representations of the 7 dots as yet known it can be seen that . . . they formed a ring or rosette around a central dot . . . From the early Babylonian layover onwards it is increasingly common to find the 7 dots arranged like stars in the constellation of the Pleiades, and in the last quarter of the second millennium the dots are shaped for the first time as stars. j This observation is important because it demonstrates that the pointed star + Pleiades pattern does not require a certain number of points on the stars. Recall that the same situation was true with the zodiac it does not matter how many points a star symbol has its a star, not the sun. Another example j E. Douglas van Buren, The Seven Dots in Mesopotamian Art and Their Meaning, Archiv pelt Orientforschung XIII (1941) 277 see also E. Douglas van Buren, Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian Art, 74ff. and E.Douglas van Buren, The Rosette in Mesopotamian Art, Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie and vorderasiatische Archaeologie, new series, vol. 11 (1939, vol. 45 from old series) 104ff. (Frankfort, Plate XXXV seal h) In this seal the star has six points surrounding a central dot. Note again the Pleiades symbol (see below under the next point on the dots in VA 243). Before leaving the discussion of the star symbol, take note of the close similarity in style between the star on VA 243 that Sitchin says is the sun and the star symbols we have noted above Frankfort XXXIII-b VA 243Ishtar star Now compare these with the actual sun symbol III. The Surrounding Dots As I asked in the introduction to this paper, if Sitchins sun is not a sun, then what are the dots? The most apparent answer, based on the example s above, is that they too are stars. We have already seen that dots were used to depict the stars of the Pleiades, and showed that the seven dots = the seven star symbols elsewhere used for the same constellation. We also saw above in the seal of Frankfort Plate XXXIII-d that a single pointed star can be associated with dots which are also stars.It is most that the star + seven dots symbology is saying, constellation = Pleiades. There is therefore abundant precedent for asserting that these dots in VA243 are stars. It could be that this seal is saying Constellation = the one with 11 stars. Since I dont know astronomy well, Ill let the reader ponder that one. The introduction also noted that the symbology of the seal could just point to a deity and perhaps the divine council. Enough said on that. IV. On Sumerian or Mesopotamian astronomical KnowledgeIn this regard I offer the reader an opportunity to challenge my assertion above (and I am just quoting specialists in cuneiform astro nomical tablets) that there is not a single text in the entire corpus of Sumerian or Mesopotamian tablets in the world that says the Sumerians or Mesopotamians knew of more than five planets. Below are bibliographical references that anyone can access (the scholarly, dissertation level materials that one needs some knowledge of semitic languages and/or cuneiform, as well as a background in mathematics or astronomy, to really use are noted in their own category).In my paper on Nibiru (available on my website), Ill briefly go into what the Sumerians and Mesopotamians knew about the planets. For now, though, giving the reader these sources will suffice. General Sources Francesca Rochberg, astronomy and Calendars in Ancient Mesopotamia, Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, vol. III, pp. 1925-1940 (ed. , Jack Sasson, 2000) Bartel L. van der Waerden, Science Awakening, vol. 2 The Birth of Astronomy (1974) Technical but Still Readable Wayne Horowitz, Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography (1998) N. M.Swerdlow, Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination (2000) Scholarly (Technical) Resources Otto Neugebauer, The Exact Sciences in Antiquity (1953) Otto Neugebauer, Astronomical Cuneiform Texts (1955) Erica Reiner and David Pingree, Enuma Elish Enlil Tablet 63, The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa (1975) Hermann Hunger and David Pingree, MUL. APIN An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform (1989) Hermann Hunger and David Pingree, Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia (1999) N. Swerdlow, The Babylonian opening of the Planets (1998) David Brown, Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology (2000)

All About Eve

Ironically, we see the story repeating Itself at the end of the film. The story itself reflects a history that is as old as show business. Betty Davis plays Margo Changing, the champion of the film fears her stardom will soon fade do to her turning 40 years of age. Margo goes through a series of events were she panics do to her aging. In reality organism the age of 40 is not genuinely old. However, in film business actresses are unable to play various places. Ideally, most roles are created for pretty schoolgirlish woman, and after a certain age it is difficult to portray those oleos.Males however, are able to continue their advancing years In many roles. Marcos character Is egoistical, very demanding, and obsessed with stardoms. Her life revolves around theater. The numbers of roles that are offered to her are suddenly decreasing. Although her character shows confidence on the outside, in the inside she is full of insecurities. Betty Davis was the perfect scene for this role. D avis herself was a very famous Hollywood star whose career was going slew the drain due to aging. This movie put this aging actress back to the top.Ann Baxter plays the role of evening. This character plays a role of a star struck fan. At first Eve seems to be a very naive, and sweet. Eve Is dressed down at the beginning in an old trench coat and hat. She Is setting herself up for an Improvising soul who has to pay cheap for a ticket at a standing room giving the illusion that she is caught up with the cognize of the theater. She soon becomes Marcos assistant, and then understudy. Both actresses convey their roles in such a natural federal agency that it seems as if the roles were written for them.Actuality, there was other actresses who were noninsured for these roles, but the castings prevailed. In the film, Eve becomes Marcos understudy with the help, and Influences of great theater people. The film portrayed the rivalry and competition among actors. The movie was such a suc cess that it was nominated for many awards. This film put Betty Davis back on top. Her great performance got Betty nominated In the academy awards for best actress. But, her co-star Ann Baxter (Eve) insisted on being nominated for the same award.Rather than taking the award for supporting actress. This caused the votes for tooth actresses to cancel out whence, giving the award to the runner up. Eve later admitted her mistake In not accepting the supporting actress award. George Candlers plays a theater connoisseur named Addison De Witt. De Wits character is very egoistic, snobby, and believes he is the most important somebody in the theater world. His dialogue consists of sarcastic tones that set the films themes in perspective. His character represents the views of the director Amanuensis.In a theater community a well recognized critic can make a difference in an audience. Monger than Margo. Yet, he falls in love with Margo and marries her. In real life, Merrill did fall in love with Davis, and also decided to marry her. Along with the cast of this great film Marilyn Monroe is introduced. Marilyn plays the role of Miss Caldwell. Miss Caldwell is interested in meeting wealthy men, and therefore uses her assets like her body to attract them. In real life Marilyn did use her assets to accomplish her goals. The films dialogue sets the movie apart from any other film.The characters are incessantly lively, and clever. Their tone of delivering their lines makes the audience stop and pay attention. The films dialogue undertones all the hidden feelings that the characters are establishing. It reflects the backstabbing, and the means people will take in order to chip in stardom. The film director uses high key lighting in black and white in order to portray a flawless and glamorous look. This gives the delineation a clear and clean appearance. This choice of lighting smooths the characters flaws, and makes them appear younger than they are almost doll like.In the film the people that are involved in theater appear to be very wealthy. The characters are dressed formal, and glamorous. It appears that the world the characters inhabit is white segregated. The characters all obtain fur coats, and they appear to treat them as if they had no value. Birdie (the helper of Margo) makes Jokes of the bed looking like a dead animal when the coats are thrown on the bed. Small items like these maneuver wealthiest. The film All about Eve is a great representation of the behind the scenes of a theatre based environment.The film represent the secret feelings, envy, Jealousy, and backstabbing among friends, and colleges. This film is an insightful manipulation of art imitating life. The clever dialogue and sharp performances illustrate the plot of the story. The audience is introduced to the story of a young lady and her merciless way to rise in fame. Once she is an inspiring actress, we see the story repeat itself as a young lady enters the life of Eve cl aiming to be a star struck fan. The cycle repeats itself, and there are many women who are ready to take her spot.

A crucible of American Identity Essay

From the founding of the United States to its keeping, wars have been fought- some lost some won- but by re-examining history, some decisions about going to war or capitulation have been learned and questions asked. Could they have been avoided and other strategies sought? Analyzing the relationship between the United States and the North African Barbary States in the 1800s conveys the authors chief(prenominal) purpose in this article by showing how a young nation at that period in time was interpreted advantage of by the Barbary States and made to pay frequent ridiculous tributes to sultans, yet its citizens imprisoned, killed or enslaved. The eventual consequence was the pursuit of reciprocity respect and honesty in trades. The author takes us on a journey from the beginning to the crest and the nadir through the experiences of some exemplary individuals of how the United States eventu ally got what it wanted. The story of William Bainbridge, famously described here as having per vasive bad luck, sets the tone of the fate which befell the Americans frequently but specifically on the George Washington.The anger that must have seethed from their thoughts from the humiliation they experienced when their work was redirected to Istanbul beneath severe threats could not be tempered as Bainbridge himself swore that he would never take tribute to Algiers unless authorized to deliver it from the mouth of our canon. This told well of the humiliation as he once more quipped such mortifying degradations.makes me ponder on the words, independent United States. This meant that the lofty image the United States had of itself or the image it portrayed to some other nations as a powerful nation that could defeat the British Empire in battle was false. How do you justify defeating a giant yet yielding to an ant? Nevertheless, this was a catalyst for a nation to create and reaffirm its identity, to live up to the image it portrayed, form the abuse by the Barbary States to a stop and restore some pride. Dealing with the Barbary States from the home turf proved more difficult as the then death chair of the United States, Thomas Jefferson was known for his vacillations.He promised to attack the Barbary States and not yield totheir vain promises or their incessant demands for more tributes but went around and lessened the account of navy ships that could wage war on those states. Something I call a backwards progress. It later dawned on the President that inaction was not the best resolving power so he bypassed the congress and instructed the navy to act on the previous treaties they already had with the North African states. By bypassing the congress to authorize a military action on those states meant that the succeeding presidents of the United States could alike do this during their tenure. It is what we popularly call Executive Action. Several individuals ran up the list of bravery and cowardice. A leading light example of the cowards was Rich ard Morris whose pitiful attempt at charming the pasha by capitulating with a $5000 inducement had him scampering back to the safety of his ship for fear of being taken hostage when the pasha said his tribute was laughable at best. A further smear on the power of the United States as this signaled that the Barbary States had an upper cut into in trades and negotiations.Here come the noteworthy braves i) Edward Preble, whose audacious approach to the emperor of Morocco resulted in the unconditional renewal of the 1786 treaty between the two nations. ii) Stephen Decatur, whose conquest with Edward Preble in the burning of the grounded Philadelphia rang across Europe as a valorous deed of the age, an act of immortal glory. Lastly was Eaton, whose determination to dethrone Yusuf and enthrone Hamid though outnumbered was brought to an abrupt end when an American naval ship the USS Constellation sailed up and informed him that the President had settled issues with Yusuf.His efforts were gallant because Yusuf thought the Americans were gaining grounds on all flanks and that compelled him to yield to negotiations. Had Eaton not been determined, the pasha may not have yielded as he had often laughed off the advances of the Americans in the past. In summary, whatever the stars and stripes may come to symbolize nowadays to an individual, the price of war is always greater than the price of reasonable negotiation but the price of identity may be the sum of both. The United states time and over has come to establish that identity across the world by declaring war or negotiating with nations whose actions have direct furbish up on its internal affairs.Some OPEC countries can easily determine the price of barrels of crude oil on a whim but also readily come to negotiations with the United States if certain conditions are met. Theseconditions could be likened to the tributes of the 1800s. But on another hand, those countries whose stubbornness to conform with pacts and wh ose foreign affairs affect the domestic affairs here could easily find themselves entrenched in a war with the United States. Most notable examples are Iraq, Syria and Libya the war in Iraq was shrouded under the cloud of Weapons of Mass Destruction but it actually was for the control of Oil and Syria likewise because the ISIS has control over critical oil installations and refineries. The Libyan war was ground on support. To support the rebels to dethrone Ghaddafi who sat on an abundance of oil wells and was trying to galvanize the Muslim and all African countries to ignore dealing with the United States, proposing one currency and a United States of Africa an identity- had he succeeded, the authority of the United States would be threatened.

Improve Efficiency Essay

A very high percentage of the items selected (picked) in the dissemination centers and re-stocked in the stores were in quantities of 1 eccentric person. This companys al-Qaidas were as a high volume, particular(a) assortment retailer and distributor. Over cartridge clip the business had shifted exclusivelyowing the stores to re army a high mix of items at lower volumes. Given the companies market position as a low-price leader, this reduced profit margins. The 2 root causes of this shift were identified as 1. Stock-keeping- social unit (SKU) count growth outpacing sales growth, and 2.Allowing nominal stage quantities from the stores to the distribution centers to miss to a meter of one This white paper will study how this company quantified the impact of eitherowing its stores to battle array in one cocktail dress measuring and then recalculated marginal order quantities for higher volume items. (For details of how SKUs were reduced see White Paper SKU decline B iggest SKLUsers) A Supply Velocity Consultant take a team of employees through this 5 week project. The Supply Velocity consultant facilitated, but the employees did most(prenominal) of the epitome and therefore owned the improvements. nfosupplyvelocity. com copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 2 Project Outline ? Evaluated all SKUs and the fictional character quantity they ar most frequently ordered at, to establish baseline selective information for how stores are tell ? Time canvass retail store ledge restocking and distribution center order selection lying-in to determine the negative labor productiveness impact of the current ordering policy o Graphed the results in a trend chart o Determined that the greatest labor productivity improvement happens when the order quantity gains from equitable 1 to 2 sequels ?Recalculated minimum order quantity for all items using Multi-Variable Pareto analysis based on o Item unit movement o Pack-out (number of units that fit on the shel f space allocated in stores) o Shelf breeding ? About 20% of all SKUs had a re-calculated minimum order quantity greater than 1 case o The most nonprogressive methods were use to correspond this project didnt just push gunstock out to stores, resulting in shrink (throwing away items that go beyond their shelf-life limit or are damaged) ?Communicated all items on the minimum order quantity to all stores through a comprehensive communication plan o Communication plan included data to cross-file stores how increasing minimum order quantity on select items would improve their labor productivity ? Created a control plan to ensure new items, SKU reduction and sales history will be used to update the minimum order quantity on a twice yearly soil infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 3Time Study Analysis To quantify the problem, we time studied order selection in the distribution centers and shelf restocking in retail stores. We conducted a few gibe analyses of diff erent distribution centers to understand the current state of order quantities. The graph below shows that out of the roughly 2800 items, a majority are ordered in quantities of 1 case. The time study data likewise showed that the second case selected or stocked is essentially free and the corresponding movement is used for two cases as for one case.At the outset of this project the team was worried that any increase in minimum order quantity would be viewed by store managers as an attempt to push list out from the distribution centers to the stores. This data showed that increasing minimum order quantity from one case to just two, gave us the greatest percentage of labor productivity improvement. However, we didnt just want to increase all items to a 2 case minimum order quantity. Instead, a statistical tool, Multi-Variable Pareto was used to calculate the decorous minimum order quantity based on a mix of inputs. nfosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 4 Distrib ution Center Order Selection total ( of items picked per quantity) 57% of the items in distribution centers were selected at a 1 case quantity infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 5 Time to Select per field Quantity in the Distribution Centers Based on case count per selection When selecting 2 cases of an item, the time per case drops by 45% from 1 case. infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 6Time to Re-Stock SKUs on Shelves in Stores Based on case count When restocking 2 cases of an item, the time per case drops by 61% from 1 case. This shows that the greatest productivity improvement occurs when going from 1 to 2 cases, which is easier to sell to the stores than making thumping increases in minimum order quantity. They can reduce labor by 37 seconds per case by ordering and stocking 2 cases of an item versus 1. infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 7 Multi Variable Pareto Analysis ?Recalculated minimum order quantity for all items using Multi-Variable Pareto analysis based on o Item unit movement o Pack-out (number of units that fit on the shelf space allocated in stores) o Shelf life ? About 20% of all SKUs had a re-calculated minimum order quantity greater than 1 case o The most conservative methods were used to ensure this project didnt just push inventory out to stores, resulting in shrink Multi-Variable Pareto is a method that uses more than one measure to sort SKUs from highest to utmost performing.Normal Pareto Analysis has been used to develop guidelines such as the 80/20 rule (20% of customers begin 80% of sales). When using multiple variables, there has to be a way to normalize the data so all variables are part of the analysis. We used three variables to determine the correct minimum order quantity for an item. ? Cases sold per week on average for each item ? The number of cases that fit in the prone shelf space ? Product shelf-life Each of these variables are positively correlated to Minimum Order Quantity. ? The higher the cases sold equals higher Order Quantity ?The greater the shelf space (pack-out) equals higher Order Quantity ? The longer the items shelf-life equals higher Order Quantity The team of subject matter experts used retail experience to determine each of these factors and their impact on minimum order quantity. Results of this analysis are shown below. The calculation was very conservative, as the results have shown. Only 466 of 2800 items have a minimum order quantity greater than 1 case. This was largely driven by two factors. Item shelf-life limited our ability to manipulate any shelf-life sensitive item greater than 1 case.Our calculation took this limiting factor into account, to ensure we werent causing shrink (throwing away items that go beyond their shelf-life limit or are damaged) at the stores. In addition, lower case movement drove many items to a 1 case minimum, even if they didnt have shelf life limitations. The lower case movement is due to SKU proliferation and was addressed by the SKU Reduction (Biggest SKLUsers) project. infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 8 Results of Minimum Order Quantity Calculation infosupplyvelocity. om Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 9 Communication & Control Plan ? Communicated with all retail stores about how the minimum order quantity analysis was conducted and the resulting new plan o Communication plan included data to show stores that increasing minimum order quantity on select items would improve their labor productivity ? Created a control plan so new items, SKU reduction and sales history will update the minimum order quantity on a twice yearly basis It was critical that this project was presented as a positive for our retail store-customers.We created a communication plan that showed two key aspects of this change ? The conservative nature of the change o only 466 of 2800 items are receiving a minimum order quantity increase ? This change is good for th e stores and will improve their labor productivity To ensure that this process endures and does not stomach reversed over time we included a control plan. This is shown in the graphic below. As fellowship Marketing Managers evaluate items, adding and cut SKUs, changes will be reflected in new pack-out quantities.This quantity will express fed to Distribution Technology who will recalculate this items minimum order quantity using the same Multi-Variable Pareto calculation. A control group, made up of Merchandising, Distribution and Retail Directors will review the list, make changes in the ordering system and communicate changes to store customers. infosupplyvelocity. com Copyright Supply Velocity, Inc. 10 Results By victorious the higher sales volume SKUs and increasing the store minimum order quantity, we decreased the time per case to stock shelves in the stores and select items in the distribution centers.Using only the 1 to 2 case increase in minimum order quantity for the 466 SKUs reduced the labor time per case resulting in a labor savings of $1. 2 million. The expectation for this process is to slowly grow the number items with a minimum order quantity greater than 1 case beyond 20%. By rationalizing and reducing SKUs we should increase the shelf pack-out of remaining items, thereby increasing the minimum order quantity.

Broken family Essay

dissertationFrom the suggestion of bingle exploreer that unkept homes equal miserable people, and that modest people break others. Although this cross article focuses on the idea that boys with come out of the closet authoritative role models argon well placed to get caught in the Sturm und Drang of adolescence, it seems the issues these tiddlerren develop can be teased to a more widespread business perhaps it is a perceived brokenness of the rule familial network that creates the sense of dark and turmoil that fuels the actions of these children.Perhaps it is the social scene of an American Dream-styled belief that two p arnts, a healthy marri season and two children, who go to college, plus some(a) sort of pet is what virtuoso should receive whilst growing up, despite that this is not only a difficult balance of familys to maintain but not the norm for most people in America.This sense that one has been left out or done out of what they believe that everyone else norma lly receives perpetuates a sense of injustice that often translates into violence within society.Broken Family can be describing as a broken home, this is where a child doesnt exact a both p bent at home. The preserve and wife ar legally separated. any(prenominal)times death of one member of the family can lead to broken family. Or else broken family is incomplete. However, no matter how ideal a family in the terms of their relationship, there are lifelessness hardships and mis bring inings that volition come along the mode. Broken family varies from numerous reasons why it had to be that counseling.Misunderstanding starts from simple domestic contest that grows impertinently damaging the long-forged relationship between the family members. The most usual dispute between a husband and a wife is the financial issue. There are difference between a complete and a broken family. Complete family can looked at their child properly than a broken family can. Most of the Teen du rationrs who expires to a broken family did not graduate. They even cause steamy stress and depression which usually leads to suicide.While those teenagers who belong to a complete family graduated with even honours. But there are some products of broken family who were triple-cr avouch because their experiences inspire them to throw off a better family someday unlike the family they have. Members of a complete family are as well as capable of handling problems than a member from a broken one but they are both acceptable in the society.In todays society broken family is a major problem that should be given enough attention. The behaviour of family setup affects the social, economic and political aspects of a departedoral. It should incessantly be remembered to keep the family away from the thoughts of separation. One in three children life with a single- provoke or with step florists chrysanthemum or dad, researchers found that there are 3.8million children, the great maj ority of them in single-parent families. 30 per cent of the countrys children and their numbers are up by nearly a fifth over the past decade, according to a psychoanalyze by the Office for National Statistics published last June 2010.According withal to the ONS analysis of data from its monthly Labour Force Survey of 60,000 households, 3.8million children live with only one of their biological parents because they have a lone mother or their father or mother has left home. And there are 2.7million who live with a single mother and 200,000 with a lone father. A further 500,000 are in cohabiting step-families, and 400,000 in unite step-families.Single people and cohabiting couples will significantly outnumber the married by the 2030s, the ONS said. Already the proportion of people who are husbands or wives has collide withen be pocket-sized half the adult creation to 49 per cent.By 2033 that will become 42 per cent, according to projections on marriage. Numbers of cohabiting cou ples will spread out from 2.3million to 3.8million, the ONS said.There are causes why there are broken families or broken homes, around the world. Some of this are whitethornbe because of the Wrong choice in marriage, Disagreement is the only language they understand.. In this diversity of situation, hatred, unfaithfulness, fighting, anger, suspicion, cheatingbecomes the order of the day and break-up is the end result. And it may be alike because of the Parental or friends influence, because broken homes today are caused by undue influences and interference of parents, friends and relations in the private affairs of the family. time consuming jobs is not good for the family, most of the parents, when a man or woman stays in addition long at work, the other partner will start feeling lonely, neglected, abandoned and sometimes frustrated. spectacular a balance will be a good idea. There are Theories that is based on our topic, about being in a Broken Family. The Psychoanalytic t heories emphasized the importance of relationship and attachments between children and their parents.This theory tells the three major personality mechanisms which is as follows The id, ego, and the super ego. One of the major personality mechanisms is the Id. It was contained by the instinctual, unconscious desire and specially sexual and aggressive which a child was born. It was governed by the pleasure principle, pursuit to achieve pleasure and to avoid pain. While the Ego was the seat of consciousness, it was developed out of the id about the age of three. It was tried to achieve the desires of the id while taking account of the reality of social convention and could delay agile gratifications of long-term goals. nestlingren can develop a strong ego if they had a loving and strong relationship with their parents.And the Superego is developed out of the ego at the age of five, its similarly contained two functions, the first one is the conscience and the other one is the ego -ideal. establish on Wikipedia, Conscience is a judgement that assists in keying even up from wrong. But in the personality mechanisms Conscience is acted to inhibit instinctual desires that violated social rules. Theres also a formation depending on parental punishment arousing anger that children then turned against themselves. Ideas that are inspire counselling and social work approaches, as they try to rehabilitate the offenders by building up a warm relationship with them. Most studies from the broken homes have focused on the loss of the father quite an than the mother. The Modern theories of the relationship between the disrupted families and the delinquency fall into three major classes, the wound theories. ground from Wikipedia, Trauma means wound in Greek and its often the result of an overwhelming heart and soul of stress that exceeds ones ability to cope or integrate the emotions involved with that experience.Psychologically traumatic experiences involvement in ph ysical trauma that threatens ones survival and sense of security. The definition of Trauma differs among the individuals by their subjective experiences. The next major classes of modern theory between disrupted families and the delinquency fall is the Life course theories, this focuses on the separation as a sequence of stressful experiences, and on the do of multiple stressors such as parental conflict, parental loss, reduced economic circumstances, changes in parent figures, and ugly child-rearing methods. And the last one is the Selection theories, which talks about the argue that disrupted families produce delinquent children because of pre-existing differences from other families in risk factors, such as parental conflict, criminal or antisocial parents, low family income, or poor child-rearing methods.What will be the effect of a Broken Family to the Students implementation in School? This research is based on the U.S Centre for Marriage and Family as they release their s tudy on November 2005 that broken family structures consistently lead to education difficulties for children. The study says When it comes to educational achievement, children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children. Children living in a situation other those with their own married father and mother are k straightwayn as non-intact families. They are significantly higher order of difficulty with all levels of education. Each child a year spends with a single mother or stepparent reduces that childs overall education attainment by approximately one-half year.The study also says that the comprehensive review of recent academic research about the relationship between family structure and childrens academic performance. Education outcomes from children growing up with their own married parents to children in non-intact family structures such as divorced, single, remarried or cohabiting parents. These family structures were consistently found as the deciding factor in a wide range of child behaviours that affects their academic performances including their emotional and psychological distress. This also includes the attention sicknesss, social misbehaviours, substance abuse, sexual activity and the common problem of teenagers, teen pregnancy. Those children from non-intact homes had higher rates of depression,anxiety, lower self-esteem and stress, particularly as teenagers. Theyve found out that some children from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorder than children from intact homes. Thos children from single-parent homes suffered from physical health problems.While Pre-school children from Single-parent homes were less likely to be given dish up with letter-recognition. Children from non-intact families gain consistently lower on reading comprehensions and in Mathematics. And theyre struggling in maintain their variant levels overall. While children from married parents ha d much lower rates of behavioural problems inside the classroom. Particularly boys from broken marriages showed a higher rate of classroom misbehaviour. 30% of teenage students from broken families more likely miss school, always late or cut class than students from intact homes, because single parents had more difficulty monitoring their children. These may cause the children to be at high risk for smoking, consuming alcohol or drugs. Most of the teenagers now a day were more likely to be sexually active and had higher rates of pregnancy, especially those from the non-intact families.Children who were from single-parent home by the time they were ten were more than twice is likely to be arrested by age of 14. Who never lived with their own father had the highest likelihood of being arrested. These study reports that majority of U.S children will spent a significant part of their child hood by the time they reach 18. And Single parent homes in the U.S. nearly doubled in the period f rom 1968-2003. Based on other researches, Most of the Children from unmarried parents/separated families often fail and are at risk emotionally. This may not be completely applicable in all instances of broken homes. The environment where a child finds himself/herself goes a long way in determining his learning ability and ultimately his academic. There are different effects of a broken family for the Development of the children. Such as Emotional development, this is the growth in the childs ability to distinguish between and to express their emotions in socially acceptable way and to be able to understand the emotional content of other peoples communication.Some of the children who show little emotional response are actually bottling up their negative feelings. Educational Development, this talks about the performance of the children inside their classroom, and in what way that broken homes can affect them in their studies. SocialDevelopment, Other children may experience anxiety, which can make it morw difficult for them to seek positive social fundamental interactions and engage in developmentally beneficial activities such as teen sports. Teens from broken families might develop a cynical attitude toward relationships and harbour feelings of mistrust. Family Dynamics is the interaction between the family members as well as the varying relationships that can exist within a family. Based on the new living arrangements, the children may need to perform more chores and assume additional roles in the new households basic functioning. A broken home can confuse or disrupt a childs world.This was proven to be true from infancy through the teen age. Most of the children experience wide array emotions to try to navigate. Their Parents have to provide them as much perceptual constancy as possible and involve other to be the responsible role models, to provide the support for their child. Its important that the child knows that he/she is still safe, love and cheris hed. Frustration with a broken family can diaphanous through open aggression by throwing tantrums, hitting, and other outward expressions of pain. As Lesia Oesterreich, M.S., of the National Network for Child Care website suggest that the younger child is not able to express emotions verbally and does not understand the negative feelings hes/shes experiencing. And its also important that the parent will help the child to vocalize these emotions and make the children aware that these are valid feelings.The children may feel that their behaviour operate the other parent away and might strive to improve the behaviour of the child in hopes of the parent returning. Reassure your children will not be the cause and will be continue to be love by both parents. The child should know that just because his parents relationship has changed. The child may feel abash that his/her family is not intact and withdraw from normal activities. Those children could put on a brave front, pretending tha t everything is all right even when hurting. From which Michelle New, Ph.D. of the Kids Health website, suggested. Parents should maintain established routines at home to make everything feel as normal as possible, Encourage your child to have close contact with family and friends to encourage him at this time.Children from broken families are nearly five times more likely to suffer damaging mental troubles than those whose parents stay together, organizationresearch has found. It also showed that two parents are much better than one if children are to avoid slipping into emotional distress and anti-social behaviour.The findings say that childrens family backgrounds are as important if not more so than whether their home is poor, workless, have bad health, or have no one with any educational qualifications.The research adds to a wealth of data that shows children suffer badly from divorce or parental break-up, and that those brought up by a single parent are more likely to do b adly at school, suffer poor health, and fall into crime, addiction and poverty as adults.The report, funded by the Department of Health and published by the Office for National Statistics, investigated emotional disorders ranked as those which cause considerable distress and interference with the way in which children perform at school and during play.It also looked at conduct disorders which result in aggressive, violent or anti-social behaviour. The researchers studied nearly 8,000 children aged between five and 16 in 2004 and found close to one in ten had disorders. The children were checked again last year.The report said that a child whose parents had split during this time was more than four and a half times more likely to have developed an emotional disorder than one whose parents stayed together. They were nearly three times more likely to reveal a conduct disorder.Eleven per cent of those children whose families broke up had emotional disorders, against 3 per cent among those whose families were still together. Nearly a third of children found to have mental disorders in 2004 still suffered from them three years later.The Department of Health said The Government is committed to helping children and young people experiencing mental health problems.But academic Patricia Morgan, author of several studies on family break-up, said This does not come as a surprise, and things are going to get worse.Broken families and serial fathers produce homes full of conflict and chaos and they are terrible for children.

The Lincoln Electric Company

Headquartered in Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, The Lincoln electric automobile bon ton is a world leader in join and cutting products, as hale as a premier manufacturer of galvanising motors. The company is well known for its apply, talented workforce and its superior technology. Lincoln Electric association gives its customers total solutions along with a commitment to quality. Lincoln Electric Company is also well known for its inducing management system. many companies strive to duplicate the success that Lincoln has enjoyed over the years.John C. Lincoln founded Lincoln Electric Company in 1895 with a capital investment of $200. At first he only(prenominal) designed electric motors, but in 1909, he began to build welding machines. In 1814, he hired his brother jam to be the VP and manager of his company.In 1934, the famous Lincoln bonus plan was instated as employees enjoyed bonuses of 25% of their lascivious pay. By 1940, Lincoln employees enjoyed two times the average pay and productivity of similar Cleveland workers.Lincoln has construct a very profitable company. This by way of treating all of its stakeholders with the utmost importance. Lincoln always unplowed its wrongs very fair, if not too fair for the customers. In many cases, the price of an item or answer provided by Lincoln had gone down over the years. At the same time, employees salaries actually went up. This is conscionable one example why Lincoln has flourished.Why are the employees at Lincoln Electric Company so pleased as well as so productive? Why were Lincoln employees voluntary to work overtime during an August vacation time in 1994? The following benefits are some of the primary(prenominal) reasons why Lincoln employees will do almost anything to help its employeran employee stock purchase plancompany-paid animation insurancepiece rates adjusted for inflationa practice of lifetime employmentSince its ancestry in 1895, Lincoln Electric Company was privately ow ned. This allowed for the protection of the processes that has kept Lincoln in the lead. However, aft(prenominal) two years of losses in 1992 and 1993 due to a harsh foreign market, Lincoln Electric Company had to go public.With multi-million dollar, domestic updates and acquisitions in such countries as Italy, China, and Indonesia, Lincoln Electric Company supernumerary no time by dwelling on its first losses in Lincolns history. Lincoln is back on track as the world leader in arc welding, after(prenominal) faltering for only two years. Lincoln is committed to providing substantial value to all of its stakeholders.Very satisfied, dedicated and talented employeesIncentive performance systemCustomers interests were held as more important than the shareownersLow prices kept customers pleasedExceptional quality (one Lincoln distributor said he sold hundreds of Lincoln welders without even one returnGood relationships with unionsLincoln would guarantee a price quote in writingHaving to go public after nearly 100 yearsThe incentive pay scheme needs some updatesTry to regain the its long-time standing as a privately owned companyStockholders could threaten with the need for a traditional pay scheme and this could interfere with the slender relationship that Lincoln Electric has with its employeesThere is really nothing that Lincoln Electric Company cease do that has not already been done. Lincoln Electric Company never had a loss until its over sea operations began to suffer in 1992. During the global organization, Lincolns employees voluntarily postponed their vacations in order to meet customer demand. Sales records have been set for every quarter since mid 1993. The only area that I see that could be changed is the way that the employees are compensated.

Civic Speech Outline – Teachers

He told his Peasant Princess that she would want for nothing. Well this was new. If I want for nothing, then what want do I want? She thought long and hard close to what she could do with her life. The Peasant Princess finally had an opportunity for a proper education. She loved children, and she spent all of her fall by the wayside time creating art projects. Why not combine all the things she loves? Education, Kids, Arts Do you see where this is going away? As an elementary art teacher, she could spend every day doing all the things she loves. And they lived happily ever subsequentlywardsWell yes they did however this Isnt the end of our story. Soon there afterward, Prince Charming s fagotdom was overthrown by an evil king named Private E retracty Firm. Private Equity took over the kingdom and stripped the Prince of his throne. Once again, the Prince and Princess were struggling peasants. No longer could she invest her time and limited resources in a future career that would pay no return beyond the humble reward of tiny smiles. Goal/Purpose My civic engagement, or calling, was to be an elementary teacher. Today, we will explore the passion many people share to be a teacher.Well argue the many benefits and rewards of the position. Then we will question, if its so great why are so many teachers exit the profession, within years of obtaining their degree, or In my case, even before then. In an otherwise lifetime, or should I say In a land far far away, this was my dream. L. Why? For me? A. . It wasnt the money, my prince provided well. Negative experience as early as Kindergarten. Ensure that didnt happen to others. Iii. V. This was my natural calling. Who I am. How I act. I wanted to thread a difference and recover proud. B. For others? According to UNC (Univac of North Carolina, not Colorado) 9 Reasons to be a instructor Experience the Joy of Making a Difference Have a Vocation, Not a assembly line 2. Enjoy Interpersonal Interaction 3. Benefit Fro m Variety 4. Laugh Every Day 6. Have a High Level of Autonomy 7. Spend More Time With Your Family 8. Enjoy Lots of Vacation 9. . Summarized . honor I. Fun Summers off v. Vocation II. How many are leaving? The National Commission on educational activity and Americas Future estimates one-third of all new teachers leave after three years, almost half after five years B.Statistics show 40% of students who pursue undergraduate degrees NEVER enter the classroom. I. Take other Jobs instead. Ill. Why? A. You heard my reason. I. Money cant buy happiness? Neither can poverty. It. Ranked 2 of the 30 worst paying college majors. Iii. 22 on a list of lowest paying Jobs that require a bachelors degree lb. Salary the US $35,000. 1. 40 hours = roughly $17 hour. 2. +30 hours/week grading and plan = $10 b. Other reasons from teachers who left the profession Starting I. One of the big reason I quit was intangible, but very real. Its Just a lack of respect. ii. Teachers in schools dont get to call t he shots. I no longer have control ever how I teach my class iii. Lack of respect from parents who feel my taxes pay your wages, so you work for me lb. From older male teachers l eventually felt pressured to advance into higher-level administration. v. on that point is an overwhelming amount of after-hours work that cannot make up for the free summers c. Neighbor I. Kindergarten teacher-two boys-heading to Jar high. It. Spends more(prenominal) on supplies and decorations for her classroom each year, than she earns. Ill. Once her children no longer attend this school, she plans on leaving as well.Conclusion Today, I shared with you my lost civic engagement to be an elementary school teacher. My children are no longer in grade school in fact they are now in college themselves. My educational path will eventually bring me too point where I can teach at the college level and by then my grandsons will be attending college themselves. I honestly dont know what I would advise if they ch ose to be elementary teachers. In case you didnt catch it. I am the princess, although we have neer quite been poor peasants. My husband was, is, and always will be my prince charming. And yes, we live happily ever after Class Dismissed